We make use of the Lengthened Reconstructed Water Epidermis Temperature (ERSST) research from Reynolds and you may Smith (1994), adaptation 3b (Smith mais aussi al

2008), which will take ship and you can buoy specifications and supplies an effective gridded dataset in the dos° solution using an optimum interpolation approach. We make use of the climatological studies determined between 1981 and 2010. Given that a metric with the interhemispheric huge difference away from exotic SST, we determine ?SST because the spatially weighted SST between the equator and you can 20°N without spatially weighted SST between your equator and you may 20°S. step one

(iii) Atmospheric temperature transportation across the equator

The newest atmospheric heat transportation is derived from this new Federal Stores to have Environment Prediction (NCEP) four-times-every single day reanalysis sphere (Kalnay ainsi que al. 1996) http://www.datingranking.net/lesbian-hookup with a beneficial (horizontal) spectral resolution regarding T62 and 17 vertical account. New atmospheric temperatures transport is actually determined by basic controlling the fresh new atmospheric size finances from the reanalysis analysis which have a barotropic piece of cake correction like in Trenberth (1997) and next calculating this new meridional flux off moist static energy dos and you will vertically partnering. This process is employed in order to create month-to-month averaged atmospheric temperatures transport out-of 1981 so you can 2010 while the climatological average more than this era can be used within investigation.

We use longwave and shortwave radiative fluxes from the Clouds and Earth’s Radiant Energy System (CERES) experiment (Wielicki et al. 1996) to calculate ?SWABS? and ?OLR?. All calculations are performed separately for each of the four CERES instruments (FM1 and FM2 on Terra from 2000 to 2005 and FM3 and FM4 on Aqua from 2002 to 2005). We then average the results over the four instruments. The quantity ?STOR_atmos? is calculated as the finite difference of the vertically integrated temperature and specific humidity from the NCEP reanalysis climatology. As in Donohoe and Battisti (2013), ?SHF? is calculated as the residual of radiative heating, atmospheric storage, and the atmospheric heat transport divergence (from NCEP reanalysis).

The fresh regular amplitude and you will phase utilized in our very own studies is defined since the amplitude and you can stage of your yearly harmonic.

2) Show

A scatterplot of the monthly average P_Penny versus AHT_EQ and ?SST is shown in Fig. 3. The precipitation centroid varies from 5.3°S in February to 7.2°N in August and has an annual average of 1.65°N. This seasonal cycle of ITCZ location is slightly damped (equatorward) of other common metrics of ITCZ location (e.g., the latitude of maximum zonal mean precipitation, Xian and Miller 2008). It can be seen that P_Penny spends four months of the year in the Southern Hemisphere during the austral summer as the most intense precipitation is found in the South Pacific convergence zone at this time of year (not shown) and the zonal mean precipitation maximum moves to southern latitudes. We note that although the marine ITCZ defined in the eastern Pacific and Atlantic by Waliser and Gautier (1993) never moves south of the equator, the global ITCZ defined in the same study does move into the Southern Hemisphere and agrees very well with our precipitation centroid.

(top) Scatterplot of your own seasonal course away from exotic rain centroid against mix-equatorial atmospheric heat transportation. For each and every mix is actually predicated on the new monthly mediocre and the size of cross on every axis is short for the new 95% depend on interval reviewed regarding the interannual variability. This new filled box is the annual mediocre. The brand new dashed line is the linear most readily useful complement to your monthly averages. (bottom) Because the from the most useful, however for the brand new tropical precipitation centroid against the interhemispheric difference between warm SST.

(top) Scatterplot of your seasonal period regarding tropical rain centroid vs mix-equatorial atmospheric temperature transport. For every cross is centered on the fresh new monthly average additionally the duration of the cross for each axis represents the brand new 95% rely on interval reviewed regarding interannual variability. The fresh occupied container is the annual mediocre. The fresh new dashed range ‘s the linear greatest match into monthly averages. (bottom) Once the from the most useful, but also for the newest warm rain centroid vs the new interhemispheric difference between tropical SST.